Information notice: All content on this page is provided for informational purposes only, based on publicly available sources identified by date. VX247 / GISANI S.R.L. does not guarantee completeness, accuracy, or currency. Verify all information independently before relying on it for commercial or legal decisions. Sources are cited for each item.
Latest market briefing

Fertilizers in September: potash and TSP lower, DAP steady, urea firmer — and what the wider commodity numbers show

The World Bank's latest Pink Sheet shows a mixed picture that is favourable for buyers of potash and phosphates. In September, potassium chloride averaged $367.5/t (−5.0% on August) and TSP $690.0/t (−2.0%); DAP was nearly unchanged at $800.6/t (+0.9%), and phosphate rock was flat at $170.0/t. Prilled urea, f.o.b. Middle East, averaged $407.5/t, up 4.5% (World Bank, Pink Sheet, 2 Oct 2026).

The WTO notes that fertilizer markets adjusted despite severe disruption: in the first half of 2026, global imports of nitrogenous fertilizers were only 2.8% below recent averages and phosphatic fertilizer imports were 2.2% higher, as alternative suppliers stepped in (WTO, 8 Oct 2026).

If you buy: reference prices are lower for potash and TSP and steadier for DAP. Compare quotes like for like — grade, origin, loading window — against these benchmarks.
If you sell: urea shows the clearest rise of the four products in September, while DAP edged up 0.9%. Benchmark moves are a starting point; your own price depends on origin, grade and timing.

Pink Sheet figures are monthly averages of reference prices, not offers for specific cargoes.

The numbers
Monthly averageAugSeptChange
Energy
Brent crude ($/bbl)90.9116.8+28.5%
Natural gas, Europe ($/mmbtu)21.1125.42+20.4%
LNG, Japan ($/mmbtu)15.2714.25−6.7%
Grains & oilseeds
Maize ($/t)224.0239.6+7.0%
Wheat, US HRW ($/t)330.0347.0+5.2%
Rice, Thai 5% ($/t)471.0482.0+2.3%
Soybeans ($/t)482524+8.7%
Palm oil ($/t)1,1321,180+4.2%
Metals
Copper ($/t)14,32614,474+1.0%
Aluminium ($/t)3,2513,283+1.0%
Nickel ($/t)16,75116,324−2.5%
Zinc ($/t)3,8754,021+3.8%
Iron ore ($/dmt)96.397.7+1.5%
Gold ($/oz)4,4114,319−2.1%
Fertilizers
Urea, prilled, f.o.b. Middle East ($/t)390.0407.5+4.5%
DAP ($/t)793.5800.6+0.9%
TSP ($/t)704.4690.0−2.0%
Potassium chloride ($/t)386.9367.5−5.0%
Softs & timber
Coffee, arabica ($/kg)7.977.26−8.9%
Cocoa ($/kg)5.955.92−0.5%
Sawnwood, S.E. Asia ($/cu m)737.9731.3−0.9%
Source: World Bank, Pink Sheet — October 2026 (2 Oct 2026) (the PDF contains the full price tables); monthly averages; change = September vs August, calculated by VX247.

More from the markets
  • Global trade: the WTO raised its 2026 forecast for world merchandise trade volume growth to 3.9%, from 1.9%, and expects 4.1% in 2027, citing supply chains that adapted to disruptions in energy and fertilizer markets and strong AI-related investment. Asia is expected to post the fastest export growth in 2026, at 9.9%, ahead of North America (5.7%) and Africa (5.6%); Europe is projected at −0.1% (WTO, 8 Oct 2026).
  • Energy: according to the IEA, crude exports from Gulf producers rose by 4.4 mb/d (million barrels per day) to 13.9 mb/d in September, and global oil supply is projected to rise by 7.7 mb/d in 2027 (IEA, 14 Oct 2026). Brent crude averaged $116.8/bbl in September, against $90.9 in August (World Bank Pink Sheet). The US EIA expects Brent to average $105 in the fourth quarter of 2026 and $84 in 2027 (EIA, 6 Oct 2026).
  • Food and grains: the FAO forecasts 2026 world cereal production at 2,979 million tonnes, the second-largest harvest on record (FAO, 2 Oct 2026). The FAO Food Price Index stood at 136.0 in September, up 1.5% on August, with cereals up 5.1% and sugar up 6.1% (FAO, 2 Oct 2026). In its October WASDE, the USDA raised its US corn yield estimate to 181.2 bushels per acre and projects 2026/27 world production at 822.4 million tonnes for wheat, 1,293.8 for maize and 533.1 for milled rice (USDA, 9 Oct 2026).
For buyers and sellers across all commodities, the practical point is that conditions differ by product and route. Verifying actual availability, loading origin and delivered cost remains the basis for turning a market signal into a concluded transaction.
Sources: World Bank, Pink Sheet — October 2026 (2 Oct 2026); IEA, Oil Market Report — October 2026 (14 Oct 2026); EIA, Short-Term Energy Outlook (6 Oct 2026); FAO, Cereal Supply and Demand Brief (2 Oct 2026); FAO Food Price Index (2 Oct 2026); WTO (8 Oct 2026); USDA, WASDE (9 Oct 2026). This note reflects publicly available information as of the source dates indicated. Verify current conditions independently before taking commercial decisions.
Market corridors

Global trade notes by region

Operational observations on key import/export corridors — logistics, documentation requirements, and market conditions. Updated periodically.

Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Nigeria: Now a urea exporter rather than an import market. Nigeria has three granular urea plants (Notore, Indorama and Dangote) with a combined capacity of 6.5 million tonnes; in 2024 the two operational plants produced about 4.18 million tonnes, and urea exports rose by 20% (IFDC, Nigeria Fertilizer Statistics Overview 2020–2024). Apapa/Lagos remains relevant for other commodity categories; Form M (CBN pre-approval) still required before LC opening for those flows.
  • Ghana (Tema): Import licences for fertilisers required from the Ministry of Food and Agriculture. Transit hub for Burkina Faso and landlocked Sahel markets. Stable customs environment relative to regional peers.
  • Kenya (Mombasa): Main entry point for East Africa. KEBS (Kenya Bureau of Standards) pre-shipment verification required for regulated products including fertilisers. Strong distribution network toward Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania.
  • Ethiopia (Djibouti transit): Landlocked — all sea cargo enters via Djibouti port. Ethiopian government is principal buyer for fertilisers via ETBC (Ethiopian Trading Business Corporation). Private sector import licences exist but require regulatory navigation.
Middle East & North Africa
MENA
  • Egypt: Major producer and exporter of urea and nitrogen fertilisers (Abu Qir Fertilizers, MOPCO). Also a transit market for North and East Africa. Import controls on some commodity categories — verify current restrictions before engagement.
  • Saudi Arabia / UAE: Gulf states are significant re-exporters for commodity flows into Africa and Asia. SABIC and Fertiglobe are key players. Trade documentation standards align with international norms; banking infrastructure well-suited for LC/SBLC structures.
  • Turkey: Active intermediary market for agri-commodities and machinery into MENA and Central Asia. Customs union with EU for industrial goods creates documentation complexity for dual-origin products.
  • Morocco (Casablanca): Major Atlantic-facing port. OCP Group dominates phosphate and phosphoric acid exports globally. Growing role as logistics hub for West Africa-bound flows.
Asia-Pacific
Asia-Pacific
  • China: World's largest urea producer and exporter. FOB prices from Chinese producers (Shandong, Hebei provinces) are a key global price reference. Export licensing subject to periodic government controls — affects availability and FOB spread timing.
  • Indonesia: P.T. Pupuk Indonesia group (PUSRI, Kaltim, Iskandar Muda, Kujang) is the country's main urea producer, with export capacity toward Asia and Africa.
  • India: One of the world's largest consumers and importers of urea, purchasing through state-run tenders. Domestic urea prices are set under a government subsidy scheme.
  • Southeast Asia (Vietnam, Philippines, Thailand): Growing import demand for fertilisers and agri-inputs. LC-based payment standard; emerging agri-commodity export flows (rice, palm oil, rubber) with increasing documentation requirements.
Europe & Mediterranean
Europe / Mediterranean
  • EU importers: CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism) has applied in its definitive period since January 2026 to fertilisers, cement, iron and steel, aluminium, hydrogen and electricity. Certificates covering 2026 imports are purchased from 1 February 2027, so CIF pricing from non-EU origins should already account for this cost layer.
  • Italy: Significant importer of agri-commodities and industrial inputs. Italian SMEs entering international trade for the first time face a structural competency gap — customs classification, Incoterms, AML documentation.
  • Spain / Portugal: Atlantic-facing ports (Algeciras, Sines, Leixões) serve as transshipment hubs for Africa-bound commodity flows. Well-developed trade finance infrastructure aligned with UCP600 standards.
  • North Africa (Algeria, Tunisia, Libya): Growing import demand for food commodities, machinery, and industrial inputs. Payment structures vary by country — a confirmed LC or SBLC is the usual safeguard where country risk is higher.
Regulatory watch

Trade regulation, compliance, and deadlines

Key regulatory developments affecting international commodity and goods trade. Verify current status with a qualified advisor before taking commercial decisions.

Active — January 2026
CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism) — EU definitive period
Following the transitional reporting phase (2023–2025), CBAM entered its definitive period in January 2026. Covered sectors: fertilisers (including urea and ammonium nitrate), cement, iron and steel, aluminium, hydrogen, and electricity. EU importers, through authorised CBAM declarants, must purchase and surrender CBAM certificates corresponding to the embedded emissions of covered imports. Following the 2025 simplification (Regulation (EU) 2025/2083), certificates are purchased from 1 February 2027 and the first annual declaration, covering 2026 imports, is due by 30 September 2027. Non-EU producers exporting to the EU face an effective carbon cost that must be integrated into pricing from origin. Scope expansion to additional sectors is under review for 2027+.
Reference — Current
UCP600 — Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits
The ICC (International Chamber of Commerce) UCP600 remains the governing standard for Letters of Credit globally. Key provisions relevant to commodity transactions: Article 39 (Assignment of Proceeds — permitted even when the credit is not transferable), Article 14 (standard for examination of documents — 5 banking days), Article 20 (requirements for bill of lading).
Reference — Current
AML/KYC — EU AML package (Directive 2024/1640) and D.Lgs. 231/2007
Directive (EU) 2024/1640, part of the EU AML (Anti-Money Laundering) package adopted in 2024, is being transposed by Member States according to staggered deadlines. In Italy, AML obligations are currently set by D.Lgs. 231/2007, which requires obliged entities to carry out KYC (Know Your Customer) and UBO (Ultimate Beneficial Owner) verification, with enhanced due diligence where risk is higher. Sanctions screening (OFAC, EU, UN consolidated lists) is a baseline obligation. OpenSanctions.org provides a consolidated, free-access database of sanctioned entities updated daily.
Source: EU Directive 2024/1640 (EUR-Lex) / Banca d'Italia
Reference — Current
Incoterms® 2020 — key changes affecting commodity trade
Incoterms® 2020 (ICC) introduced important updates versus the 2010 edition. Key changes: FCA now allows buyers to instruct the seller to obtain an on-board bill of lading; CIF and CIP now specify different levels of cargo insurance (CIP requires a higher all-risk level); DAT (Delivered at Terminal) has been renamed DPU (Delivered at Place Unloaded). For bulk commodity shipments, CIF and CFR remain the most common terms; FOB remains standard for transactions where the buyer controls the freight. Incoterms® selection determines which party bears cost and risk at each point of the transport chain — misalignment with the LC payment structure is a common source of documentary discrepancy.
Monitor — evolving
EU Dual-Use Regulation 2021/821 and explosives precursors
EU Regulation 2021/821 controls the export of dual-use items — goods with both civilian and potential military applications. Some chemical intermediates may fall within controlled categories depending on destination country and end-use. Separately, Regulation (EU) 2019/1148 restricts the making available of explosives precursors, which include ammonium nitrate above specific nitrogen concentrations. Exporters are required to verify whether their product and destination combination requires an export licence. Non-compliance carries severe penalties under both EU and Italian law. A qualified compliance specialist should be consulted before exporting any product with potential dual-use characteristics.
Reference

Glossary of trade & compliance terms

FOB, LC, NCNDA, CBAM, UBO — the vocabulary used throughout this site, defined in one place.

Open the glossary →
Stay updated

Receive the VX247 market briefing.

Occasional updates on commodity markets, regulatory changes, and trade corridor developments. Sent only when something material changes — no noise, no spam.

Registrations are reviewed individually. We ask for your company details so we can tailor the briefing to your sector — no anonymous subscriptions.

Your information will not be shared with third parties and will be used solely for the VX247 market briefing. Unsubscribe at any time by writing to advisory@vx247.com.